The resonators should not be operated beyond the Operating Temperature Range specified in the catalog.
Oscillating frequency may drift depending upon the controlling IC and/or external capacitors C1 and C2 used in the circuit design. Token standard resonator is adjusted with our standard measuring circuit. There could be slight shift in frequency other types of IC are used. When you require exact oscillation frequency in your application, we can adjust it with your specified circuit on request.
When using The resonators, it is recommended that you build a protective failsafe circuit into your design to prevent equipment damage in the event that the resonator malfunctions or fails.
The resonators are always accompanied by spurious resonances. Spurious oscillations or stoppage of oscillation may occur depending on the circuit design (IC used, frequency characteristics of the IC, supply voltage etc.) and/or environmental conditions. These factors should be taken into consideration when designing the circuit.
Stray capacitances and insulation resistances on printed circuit boards may cause abnormal oscillation or stoppage of oscillation. These factors should be taken into consideration when designing the circuit.
Voltage spikes and electrostatic discharges may cause damage/malfunction or failures of the resonators.
bnormal or excess mechanical stresses such as vibration or shock should be avoided when handling or storing resonators to prevent damage and cracking.
In automated mounting of The resonators on printed circuit boards, any bending, expanding and pulling forces or shocks to the resonator should be kept to a minimum to prevent electrical failures and/or mechanical damage to the devices.
Download Applications & Notice in PDF file.
The majority of clock sources for microcontrollers can be grouped into two types: those based on mechanical resonant devices, such as crystals and ceramics, and those based on electrical phase-shift circuits such as RC (resistor, capacitor) oscillators.
Ceramic and crystal resonator-based oscillators (mechanical) typically provide very high initial accuracy and a moderately low temperature coefficient.
Power consumption is another important consideration of oscillator selection. The power consumption of discrete component crystal-oscillator circuits is primarily determined by the feedback-amplifier supply current and by the in-circuit capacitance values used.
The power consumption of amplifiers fabricated in CMOS is largely proportional to the operating frequency and can be expressed as a power-dissipation capacitance value.
Ceramic circuits typically specify larger load capacitance values than crystal circuits, and draw still more current than the crystal circuit using the same amplifier.
Download Crystal VS Ceramics in PDF file.
Token's Resonators are made of high stability piezoelectric ceramics that function as a mechanical resonator. This device has been developed to function as a reference signal generator. The frequency is primarily adjusted by the size and thickness of the ceramic element. With the advance of the IC technology, various equipment may be controlled by a single LSI (Large-Scale Integration) integrated circuit, such as the one-chip microprocessor.
Resonator can be used as the timing element in most microprocessor based equipment. In the future, more and more applications will use ceramic resonator because of its high stability non-adjustment performance, miniature size and cost savings.
Typical applications include TVs, VCRs, remote controls and toys, voice synthesizers, automotive electronic devices, copiers, telephones, cameras, communication equipment.
Token offers a full range of industry standard through hole and surface mount resonators both with and without internal capacitors. For standard Operating Temperatures (-20°C to 80°C), and for Automotive applications (-40°C to +125°C), with a wide range of frequencies and frequency stability options. Additionally, Token Application Engineering and Design capabilities allow for custom design and characterization requirements that meet the demands of most applications.
Download General Info. of Ceramic Resonators in PDF file.
Download complete Token Resonator Product Catalogue in PDF file .